FileSystem Overview

On Windows, we have any configurations saved either in files or in registry.

But on Linux/Unix, everything saves in files only.

For instance,  When a new account to be created.

Admin will create

1. User ID (unique)
2. Password

Background, the configuration will be saved into File System.

1. Sets environment variable for the Shell.
2. Login Scripts (runs as soon as logs in every time.)We can set some values here.

 Unix File Management

• All data in Unix is oraganised into files.
• All files are organised into directories.
• These directories are organized into tree like structure called the file system.

In Unix there are three basic types of files.

• Ordinary files = contains data,text or program instructions.
• Directories - stores both special and ordinary files.
• Special files - files provide access to hardware such as hard drives,CD-ROM drives,modems and Ethernet adapters.

1.  There is no file extension concept in Linux.
2.  Root (/) is at the top.
3.  Home Directory : FOr every user a directory is there which contains user specific files and permissions.
4.  To goto Home directory : cd ~
5. pwd : present/current working directory.

The Linux File System contains below set of predefined folders.

Directory	Description
/	Root Directory.Like c:\ in windows.No Logical drives like for windows here.They loaded as separate sub-folders.
/bin	Contains executable files.Some will be at /usr/bin also
/dev	Contains device drivers.
/etc	Contains System related confiuration files
/lib	Contains shared library and kernel related files
/proc	All process related info or dynamic info of the system
/tmp	Hold temporary files
/var	Contains variable length files such as log files
/sbin	Contains binary for system administration
/mnt	Used to mount temporary file system like CDROM
/home	Home directory for user accounts.Separate subfolder will be created for each user